The revolution in Egypt has undoubtedly been one of the most significant political events in 2011. After the demonstrations in Tahrir Square and the removal of President Hosni Mubarak, the political landscape in Egypt has changed radically. The Egyptian people are making their way towards a genuine multiparty democracy. A constitution is due to be drafted in 2012 that will set a new framework for society. The road to democracy, however, is neither straight nor simple, as competing interests set out their different priorities for the country.

Elections to the lower chamber of parliament, which are taking place over a three-month period, will clarify the political landscape. The new parliament is expected to have a fundamental role in the transition. It will have an opportunity to become the forum that represents the views of citizens in the decision-making process. It will also have a role in drafting the new constitution, although the exact nature of that role is still a subject of discussion. The parliament will face formidable challenges ahead. The different political forces will need to find a way to work together and make compromises in the interest of the common good.

In this context, the IPU organized workshops for senior parliamentary staff in Cairo in October and December, designed to help them address some of the most pressing issues likely to face the new parliament. By the end of January 2012, 498 new parliamentarians will have been elected, the vast majority of whom will be first-time MPs. Parliamentary staff will have to welcome them and organize their induction. They will also have to devise ways to introduce them to their new roles as legislators and representatives, and support them in carrying out their tasks.

Notwithstanding the constitutional uncertainties, it is expected that the new parliament will seek an enhanced role, with greater emphasis on oversight of the executive, and more active parliamentary committees. The current parliamentary staff are experienced and well-qualified but the parliamentary services as a whole will need to adapt to the new political context. The transition will imply a process of change inter alia to work culture, which means providing impartial and non-partisan services to all members.

The workshops in Cairo facilitated dialogue between Egyptian parliamentary staff and senior officials from other parliaments. While the Egyptian experience is unique, it became clear that many of the issues they expect to face are not altogether dissimilar to those encountered in other countries. The transition to democracy in Spain in the late 1970s was accompanied by a radical opening up of political life. The recent expenses scandal in the United Kingdom resulted in a massive influx of new members to a parliament that was largely discredited in the public’s eyes. Discussing the experiences of other parliaments helped participants identify ways to address their own challenges.

The Egyptian authorities face a daunting challenge in establishing well-functioning institutions that serve the interests of the Egyptian people. The high turnout at the parliamentary elections demonstrates people’s attachment to the fundamental idea that their vote will make a difference. The IPU and the world’s parliaments stand ready to share their experience to help develop a modern, democratic parliament in Egypt.