MODALITIES AND PROCEDURES FOR RATIFYING INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS
The cabinet concludes international treaties, but must obtain prior or subsequent approval of the Diet (Article 73 of the Constitution). There is no official procedure whereby each House demands the cabinet call for approval of the Diet on certain treaties. Treaties for which approval of the Diet is needed are those that (i) include commitments related to the legislative power of the Diet; (ii) include financial obligations over the limit already approved by the budget or laws; and (iii) are important politically in the sense that they legally define basic relations to other countries or among countries in general, and therefore need to be ratified to take effect. According to this standard, the government decides which treaties need the approval of the Diet. A treaty presented to either House is referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs or a special committee. Regarding the approval of treaties, when there is disagreement between the two Houses, the decision of the House of Representatives prevails.
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