Chamber:
	Sejm
Dates of elections / renewal (from/to):
	19 September 1993
Purpose of elections:
	Elections were held for all the seats in Parliament following the premature dissolution of the Sejm on 31 May 1993. Since general elections had previously been held in October 1991, the normal legislative term was due to expire four years later.
Background and outcome of elections:
	The Sejm (Diet) was dissolved by President of the Republic Lech Walesa after the former had passed a vote of no confidence in the Government (Resolution of 28 May 1993) without at the same time choosing a new Prime Minister. In such cases, the Constitution enables the President to either accept the resignation of the Government or to dissolve the Diet. Such dissolution also automatically entails renewal of the Senate. The elections – initially set for 12 September – were carried out according to a new Electoral Law adopted by the Sejm two days before its dissolution. By setting minimum thresholds for Sejm participation, the new law sought to avoid political fragmentation of the legislature, giving an advantage to strong political parties and groupings. Main issues debated during the election campaign concerned the scope and pace of the country’s economic transformation (especially privatisation), social policy (unemployment, situation of public sector employees) and Poland’s relationship to the European integration process (balancing the necessary protection of national sectors with the inevitable opening of the economy). Altogether 8,787 candidates and 861 lists vied for the 460 Diet seats while 684 candidates contested the 100 seats of the Senate. While no serious incidents were reported during the campaign, there were slight irregularities at the stage of registration of candidates. On polling day, only five parties and one coalition – the Democratic Left Alliance (SLD), led by the Social Democratic Party and also comprising two cultural organisations of the German minority – won seats in the Sejm as voters swung sharply to the left and away from right-wing parties, those which had participated in various coalition governments since 1989, and the Catholic Church. The Social Democrats were the direct successors of the communist Polish United Workers’ Party (PZPR). The big winners were the SLD, headed by Mr. Aleksander Kwasniewski, and the Polish Peasant Party (PSL), which had formerly been allied with the PZPR and was led by Mr. Waldemar Pawlak. Electoral support for these parties almost doubled since the previous elections. For its part, the outgoing ruling coalition, led by Prime Minister Hanna Suchocka’s centrist Democratic Union (UD), came in third in a defeat that analysts viewed as a reaction to social and economic hardship caused by the Government’s rapid moves to a market economy and its stringent monetary and fiscal discipline; SLD had in fact campaigned on a platform of moderate increases in social spending to blunt this hardship. Finally the Labour Union (UP) made considerable progress: in 1991 its predecessor Labour Solidarity had won only 2% of the votes. More than one third of the votes cast in the 1993 Sejm elections were ineffective because they went for parties that did not reach the above-mentioned threshold. The Government coalition was formed by SLD and PSL. Mr. Pawlak was nominated as Prime Minister on 18 October. Members of the Council of Ministers were named by the President on 26 October.

STATISTICS

Round no 1 (19 September 1993): Elections results
Number of registered electors	27,677,302
Voters	14,415,586 (52.08%)
Blank or invalid ballot papers	619,359
Valid votes	13,796,227

Round no 1: Distribution of votes
Political Group	Candidates	Votes	%
Democratic Left Alliance (SLD)	610	2,815,169	20.4
Polish Peasant Party (PSL)	719	2,124,367	15.4
Democratic Union (UD)	498	1,460,957	10.6
Labour Union (UP)*	491	1,005,004	7.3
Confederation for an Independent Poland (KPN)	697	795,487	5.8
Non-Party Bloc in Support of Reforms (BBWR)	631	746,653	5.4
German minority organisations	21	84,166	0.61

Round no 1: Distribution of seats
Political Group	Total	Gain/Loss
Democratic Left Alliance (SLD)	171	+111
Polish Peasant Party (PSL)	132	+84
Democratic Union (UD)	74	+12
Labour Union (UP)*	41	+37
Confederation for an Independent Poland (KPN)	22	-24
Non-Party Bloc in Support of Reforms (BBWR)	16	+16
German minority organisations	4	-3

Comments:
	* Labour Solidarity (SP) in 1991.

Distribution of seats according to sex:
Men:	400
Women:	60

Distribution of seats according to age:
20-29 years	10
30-39 years	117
40-49 years	213
50-59 years	92
60-69 years	26
70-79 years	2
Distribution of seats according to profession:
Farmers	60
Managers	56
University professors	42
Trade union activists	34
Teachers	30
Political activists	26
Public administration employees	21
Self-government employees	21
Businessmen	17
Journalists	17
Lawyers	17
Scientists (research)	14
Physicians	13
Economists	9
Social organisation activists	8
Engineers	7
Mayors	7
White-collar workers	7
Bankers	4
Others	50