UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

ELECTIONS HELD IN 2004

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Chamber:
  House of Representatives
 
Dates of election / renewal (from/to):
  2 November 2004
  2 November 2004
 
Purpose of elections:
  Elections were held for all the seats of the House of Representatives on the normal expiry of the members' term of office.
 
Background and outcome of elections:
  On 2 November 2004 US citizens went to the polls to elect their new President as well as the entire membership of the House of Representatives and one third of the members of the Senate.

Incumbent President George W. Bush's main challenger was the democratic candidate, Senator John F. Kerry from Massachusetts. Other challengers included Ralph Nader and Mr Michael Badnarik.
The campaign was hotly contested with the war in Iraq being a critical issue. President Bush's approval rating had been high, especially when former President Saddam Hussein was so quickly ousted from power, the U.S.-led military intervention on Iraq. However, as a result of the continuing insurgency against U.S. and Iraqi government forces, the failure to find the weapons of mass destruction that the Bush administration had used to justify the war, the revelation that some U.S. soldiers had abused Iraqi prisoners, and growing concern that the war might have created more terrorist enemies than it had defeated had lately adversely affected his popularity.

But the Iraq issue was also a difficult one for Senator Kerry, as the public wondered whether he would have handled it better, in light of his support for the congressional resolution that had authorised the war and his subsequent vote against funding the Iraq operation. In October 2004, Senator Kerry made what his campaign termed a "protest vote" against $87 billion for operations in Afghanistan and Iraq. The Bush campaign used this to suggest that Senator Kerry was too much of a "flip-flopper" to maintain a steady hand on world affairs. Senator Kerry and his advisers said his record instead reflected a more thoughtful leader whose opposite votes did not fully reflect the more nuanced and productive approach he would have taken.

Regarding the domestic agenda, President Bush set out the broad principles that would guide his administration for a second term, saying he would tackle education, health care, energy and the economy laying emphasis on limited government spending, individual responsibility and the power of markets.

The Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), at the invitation of the U.S. State Department, sent some 100 observers to the country at the beginning of October to observe the final weeks of the campaign, election day and counting procedures. In its report, the OSCE declared that the elections had "mostly met" standards for freedom and fairness and reflected a "long democratic tradition". While the observers had received widespread allegations of fraud and voter suppression ahead of the elections, they were unable to substantiate the claims. However, they said the queues at some polling stations were too long.

More than 122 million people, or some 60 per cent of eligible voters, cast ballots in the elections, up from 105 million in 2000. It was the highest percentage since 1968.

President Bush won re-election, gaining another four-year term and a clear endorsement from a majority of voters. President Bush had obtained more than 62 million votes to Mr Kerry's 59 million, a margin of 50.73% - 48.27%. Mr Bush's total was more than 11.5 million votes higher than what he had got in 2000 and a record for a U.S. President. Regarding the 538 electoral votes, Mr Bush obtained 286, far more than the 270 required to be elected President, while Mr Kerry obtained 251. The remaining vote was cast for Mr John Edwards.

In the Congress, the Republican Party increased its representation in the Senate by four seats . It will retain control of the new Senate with 55 seats against 44 for the Democratic Party and one seat held by a Democratic-leaning independent. In the House of Representatives, the Republican Party obtained a net gain of three seats, taking its tally to 231 members, the most since 1946.
 
STATISTICS
 
Round no 1 (2 November 2004): Election results
Number of registered electors 177'265'030
Voters 121'862'329 (68.75%)
Blank or invalid ballot papers
Valid votes
 
 
Round no 1: Distribution of votes
 
Political Group Candidates Votes %  
Republican Party  
Democratic Party (PD)  
Independents  
 
Round no 1: Distribution of seats
 
Political Group Total
Republican Party 232
Democratic Party (PD) 202
Independents 1
 
Comments:
There are three other women among the Delegates members who do not have voting right.

Sources:
http://www.eac.gov/election_survey_2004/statedata/StateLevelSummary.htm
CNN; Website of the House of Representatives
 
Distribution of seats according to sex:
Men: 370
Women: 65
Percent of women: 14.94
 
Distribution of seats according to age:
21 to 30 years 2
31 to 40 years 26
41 to 50 years 106
51 to 60 years 176
61 to 70 years 105
Over 70 years 20
 
Distribution of seats according to profession:



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