IPU Logo    INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION
>>> VERSION FRANÇAISE  
   HOME -> PARLINE -> NEPAL (Byabasthapika-Sansad)
Print this pagePrint this page
PARLINE database new searchNew search
NEPAL
Byabasthapika-Sansad (Legislature - Parliament)

This page contains the full text of the PARLINE database entry on the selected parliamentary chamber, with the exception of Specialized bodies modules which, because of their excessive length, can be only viewed and printed separately.

Modules:
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE PARLIAMENTARY CHAMBER

Parliament name (generic / translated) Sanghiya Sansad / Federal Parliament
More photos  >>>
Structure of parliament Bicameral
Affiliation to the IPU Yes
Affiliation date(s) 1967 -
LEADERSHIP
President Onsari Gharti (F) 
Notes Elected on 16 Oct. 2015.
Secretary General Manohar Prasad Bhattarai (M) 
Notes Appointed on 18 Mar. 2010, re-appointed on 17 Mar. 2015 (for a five-year term).
COMPOSITION
Members (statutory / current number) 601 / 595
PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN


More statistics  >>>
Women (current number) 176 (29.58%)
Mode of designation directly elected 575
appointed 26
Notes Appointed members: appointed by the Prime Minister from minority groups that do not win representation in the elections.
Term 4 years
Notes The term above refers to that of the Constituent Assembly, elected in November 2013. In accordance with the transitional provisions of the 2015 Constitution, the Constituent Assembly was transformed into the Legislature-Parliament on 20 September 2015 upon promulgation of the Constitution. The "Last renewal dates" below refer to the date of elections to the Constituent Assembly.

The Legislature-Parliament was dissolved on 13 October 2017 in view of elections to the House of Representatives, the lower chamber of a bicameral parliament provided for under the 2015 Constitution. The House will be convened within 30 days of the declaration of the final results of the elections, which will be held in 32 districts on 26 November and in the remaining 45 districts on 7 December 2017.
Last renewal dates 19 November 2013
(View details)
CONTACT INFORMATION
Address Legislature-Parliament Secretariat
Constituent Assembly Secretariat
Singhadurbar, Kathmandu
Nepal
(Export mailing lists)
Phone (97 71) 422 7480
420 0021
Fax (97 71) 422 2923
420 0094
E-mail nparl.international@can.gov.np
Website
http://www.parliament.gov.np/

ELECTORAL SYSTEM

Parliament name (generic / translated) Sanghiya Sansad / Federal Parliament
Structure of parliament Bicameral
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
Electoral law 22 June 2007
Election to Members of the Constituent Assembly Act 2064 (2007)
Mode of designation directly elected 575
appointed 26
Constituencies - 240 single-member constituencies
- One nation-wide constituency for 335 seats
Voting system Mixed: 240 members are elected by the first-past-the-post system (FPTP), while the 335 others are elected under the proportional representation (PR) system using the party list. Candidates contesting in the constituencies are not allowed to run under the PR system. Voters cast one ballot for each system.

After the Election Commission attributes the seats under the PR system to political parties, those that are allocated up to 30 per cent of the PR seats should submit the list comprising 50 per cent male members and 50 per cent female members.
Political parties that are allocated over 30 per cent of PR seats should respect, in addition to the 50-per cent quota for women, the following quotas: 31.2 per cent Madhesi members (women and men - 15.6 per cent each), 13 per cent Dalits (women and men - 6.5 per cent each), 37.8 per cent indigenous (women and men - 18.9 per cent each), 4 per cent from backward region* (women and men - 2 per cent each) and 30.2 per cent Khas and Aryan (women and men - 15.1 per cent each).
*Backward region comprises: Achaham, Kalikot, Jajarkot, Jumla, Dolpa, Bajahang, Bajura, Mugu and Humla Districts.

Voting is not compulsory.
Voter requirements - Nepalese citizenship
- Age: 18 years
- Permanent residence in the constituency
- disqualifications: insanity, bankruptcy, criminal conviction
CANDIDATES
Eligibility - Qualified electors
- Nepalese citizenship
- Age: 25 years
- Disqualifications: insanity, bankruptcy, criminal conviction
Incompatibilities n/a
Candidacy requirements Candidature by registered political parties or individual candidates endorsed by one proposer and one seconder

LAST ELECTIONS

Parliament name (generic / translated) Sanghiya Sansad / Federal Parliament
Structure of parliament Bicameral
BACKGROUND
Dates of election / renewal (from/to) 19 November 2013
Timing and scope of renewal The Nepali Congress (NC), led by Mr. Sushil Koirala, came in first winning 196 of the 575 directly elected seats at stake. The Communist Party of Nepal-United Marxist Leninist (CPN-UML) of Mr. Jhala Nath Khanal followed it with 175 seats. The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoists) came in a distant third, winning 80 seats. Following the elections, the NC and the CPN-UML started talks on forming a coalition government.

The 2013 polls elected the second Constituent Assembly. The first Constituent Assembly was elected in April 2008 to draft a new Constitution within two years, as part of the transformation of Nepal from a kingdom to a republic. Despite repeated extensions of its term, no agreement was reached in the Constituent Assembly on the new Constitution. The main point of disagreement was the future administrative division of the country, in particular whether Nepal should be divided into states along ethnic lines. On 28 May, Prime Minister Baburam Bhattarai (Maoist) called fresh elections for 22 November 2012. However, the electoral law used for the 2008 elections did not foresee a second election to the Constituent Assembly. A long period of negotiations therefore followed before an agreement on the organization of the elections could be reached.

During the election campaigning, the NC and the CPN-UML both proposed a parliamentary form of government, with a President who would be indirectly elected by Parliament. They both proposed a Federal State. The CPN-UML proposed seven provinces based on multiple identities, while the NC proposed two options of either seven or 13 provinces, stating that it was ready for “any alternative within the framework of democratic norms and values”. The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoists) proposed 11 provinces.


Note on the statutory number of the Constituent Assembly:
In March 2013, the major political forces signed an 11-point agreement, which would have elected a reduced 491-member Constituent Assembly. On 17 June 2013, the Government announced the holding of elections to a new Constituent Assembly on 19 November. On 17 September, however, the Government submitted an ordinance to the President's Office to return the statutory number of members of the Constituent Assembly to 601, the same as the legislature elected in 2008. Later on the same day, President Ram Baran Yadav (NC) endorsed the government's request.
Date of previous elections: 10 April 2008

Date of dissolution of the outgoing legislature: 27 May 2012

Timing of election: Delayed elections

Expected date of next elections: November 2017

Number of seats at stake: 575 (full renewal)

Number of candidates: 16,927 (6,147 candidates under the majority system and 10,709 under the proportional representation system)

Percentage of women candidates: About 10% under the majority system and 49.4% under the proportional representation system

Number of parties contesting the election: 122

Number of parties winning seats: 30

Alternation of power: Yes

Date of the first session of the new parliament: 22 January 2014

Name of the new Speaker: Mr. Subas Nembang (Nepali Congress, NC)
STATISTICS
Voter turnout
Round no 119 November 2013
Number of registered electors
Voters
Blank or invalid ballot papers
Valid votes
12'147'865
9'463'862 (77.91%)

Notes
Distribution of votes
Round no 1
Political group Candidates Votes % of votes
Nepali Congress (NC)
Communist Party of Nepal (UML)
Communist Party of Nepal (Maoists)
Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal
Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal (Loktantrik)
National Democratic Party (RPP: Rashtriya Prajatantra Party)
Tarai Madhes Loktantrik Party
Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal
Sadbhavana Party
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist Leninist)
Federal Socialist Party
Nepal Workers' and Peasants' Party
Terai Madhes Sadbhavana Party
Rastriya Janamorcha
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified)
Rashtriya Madhesh Samajwadi Party
Independents
Nepal Pariwar Dal
Dalit Janajati Party
Tharuwat Tarai Party, Nepal
Rastriya Janamukti Party
Sanghiya Sadbhawana Party
Khambuwan Rastriya Morcha, Nepal
Aakhanda Nepal Party
Sanghiya Loktantrik Rastriya Manch (Tharuhat)
Samajvadi Janata Party
Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum (Ganatantrik)
Nepali Janata Dal
Jana Jagaran Party Nepal
Madesh Samata Party Nepal
Nepal Rastriya Party (NRP)
Distribution of seats
Round no 1
Political Group Total of seats Majority seats Proportional seats
Nepali Congress (NC) 196 105 91
Communist Party of Nepal (UML) 175 91 84
Communist Party of Nepal (Maoists) 80 26 54
Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal 24 0 24
Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal (Loktantrik) 14 4 10
National Democratic Party (RPP: Rashtriya Prajatantra Party) 13 3 10
Tarai Madhes Loktantrik Party 11 4 7
Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal 10 2 8
Sadbhavana Party 6 1 5
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist Leninist) 5 0 5
Federal Socialist Party 5 0 5
Nepal Workers' and Peasants' Party 4 1 3
Terai Madhes Sadbhavana Party 3 1 2
Rastriya Janamorcha 3 0 3
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified) 3 0 3
Rashtriya Madhesh Samajwadi Party 3 0 3
Independents 2 2 0
Nepal Pariwar Dal 2 0 2
Dalit Janajati Party 2 0 2
Tharuwat Tarai Party, Nepal 2 0 2
Rastriya Janamukti Party 2 0 2
Sanghiya Sadbhawana Party 1 0 1
Khambuwan Rastriya Morcha, Nepal 1 0 1
Aakhanda Nepal Party 1 0 1
Sanghiya Loktantrik Rastriya Manch (Tharuhat) 1 0 1
Samajvadi Janata Party 1 0 1
Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum (Ganatantrik) 1 0 1
Nepali Janata Dal 1 0 1
Jana Jagaran Party Nepal 1 0 1
Madesh Samata Party Nepal 1 0 1
Nepal Rastriya Party (NRP) 1 0 1
Distribution of seats according to sex
Men

Women

Percent of women
403

172

29.91%
Distribution of seats according to age
Distribution of seats according to profession
Comments
Sources:
Constituent Assembly (26.12.2013, 14.01.2014, 18.10.2014, 17.04.2015, 21.04.2015, 14.03.2016)
http://anfrel.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Nepal-Final-Report-Publish-2013_Logo-edited.pdf

Note on the number of women
- Of the 575 members elected in 2013, 172 were women.
- As at October 2014, 22 of the 26 members, including four women, had been appointed.
- As at 19 October 2014, 176 of the 597 members were women, with four vacancies.

This page was last updated on 6 March 2018
Copyright 1996-2016 Inter-Parliamentary Union